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Does one employee record have global permissions for that?

I'm not sure why they would be different; I'm not a NS Admin.  Do you by chance know what setting would control on the employee record?
The employee that cannot see the data can see most Process Status pages (e.g. CSV Import)

the guess is that one employee has more permissions than another

that can be something like a global permission set on the employee record

or perhaps something classification related like belonging to a different subsidiary

You can check Global Permission on the employee record of the people at issue. Access Tab, then Global Permission tab. Check to see if they have differences and what those may be.