Pentaho, Talend, Boomi, Jitterbit and even Celigo are middleware, they sits in between applications for data exchange. Pentaho it self is an ETL tool, it used to be open source I think Hitachi bought them up while back. in 2007 when I engaged Celigo for a project, I remember they just started to build their NS connector using open source ETL tools like pentaho and talend (they used to be a NS implementation partner then)