I played in my dev account with System Notes on the Bills and Payments. I didn't immediately see an entry by transaction that would help identify the link/broken link. One approach I think will get it for you. New Search of System Notes. Select
(Record = Bill AND
Document Status, New Value = Unapproved ) OR
(Record = Bill Payment * AND [find something unique]) this should be showing you changes on both those records at the same time.