SuiteScript doesn't have a native CSV parsing module, but any JavaScript-based method will work, so you can use string methods like split, etc.
Since CSV files use comma as a delimiter, text values with commas are usually surrounded by double quotes, so that the entire string is treated as one value (despite having commas in it). But doing this means that double quotes in a string value also have to be escaped properly, so they aren't treated as the beginning and end of a string value.
Those are the high level issues you'd have to look for in building your own parser, but there are certainly edge-cases beyond those that make building your own parser quite difficult, unless you know the code producing the CSV file and exactly how it operates. That's why using a tested library like papaparse is the best way. It just works correctly and keeps your code clean so you can focus on other things like your business logic instead.