Is there a way to show items with no invoices as of any specific period of time per location?

Create a saved search on item record - On criteria put - Transaction fields..-> Type-> None of Invoice, Under column put Name, Location

But I need it for a specific period of time only and per location

You can do a nested query. Below is the psuedo logic you can apply. Select item details (all columns you require). From items Not In the below query. Select item.id From invoice Where date created between your date range. Group by item.id

Is that in SQL? Not in saved searches?

Yes SQL